Micronutrients are essential vitamins and minerals required in small quantities for the proper functioning of the body's physiological processes. They play vital roles in supporting immune function, energy production, bone health, blood clotting, and neurological functions. Unlike macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), which are needed in larger amounts, micronutrients are needed in minute amounts, yet are crucial for growth, disease prevention, and overall well-being. Examples include iron, zinc, iodine, vitamin C, and various B vitamins.
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are a group of organic compounds that can be dissolved in dietary fats. Unlike water-soluble vitamins, they are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver. These vitamins are essential for various bodily functions, including vision, bone health, antioxidant defense, and blood clotting.
Water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12), are essential organic compounds that dissolve in water. They are not stored in the body and must be regularly consumed through the diet. These vitamins play crucial roles in energy metabolism, immune function, and overall health.
Macrominerals are essential minerals required by the body in relatively large amounts. They include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur. These minerals are vital for various physiological functions, such as bone health, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, fluid balance, and maintaining overall bodily homeostasis.
Trace minerals are essential minerals that the body requires in smaller quantities compared to macrominerals. They include iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, manganese, and others. Despite their lower concentrations, trace minerals are crucial for functions like enzyme activity, immune support, and maintaining proper growth, development, and overall health.